肠易激综合征 IBS.pptVIP

* Slide 25 Notes. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Role of Cytokines Cytokines, hormone-like proteins that allow cells to communicate, play critical roles in normal biologic processes, such as cell growth, inflammation, and immunity.1 Cytokines are also thought to play multiple roles in the pathogenesis of RA, including the initiation and perpetuation of synovitis.1,2 Evidence suggests that TNF? and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are involved in RA pathogenesis, including the formation of bone erosions and their progression.3 Many other pro-inflammatory cytokines are expressed in synovial tissue. Among them are I