for- iowa state n r e m（爱荷华州立n r e - m）.doc

For. 202 Wood Utilization, Fall 2012 3rd Review Reconstituted Wood Products I-1 Raw Materials: Hundreds of useful products can be produced from different types of wood elements, individually in homogeneous fashion or in combinations of these wood elements. Typical wood elements used for producing reconstituted wood products are lumber, thin lumber (or thick veneer), veneer, long flakes (or short veneers), chips, flakes, excelsior, strands, particles (saw dust), fibers, and wood flour. I-2 Adhesives: Most of the important wood adhesive resins used for manufacturing reconstituted wood products are of the thermosetting type, in that heat is used to accelerate the setting of adhesive resins to bond wood elements together. These thermosetting wood adhesive resins mainly are manufactured from petroleum-derived chemicals. Urea-formaldehyde resin (UF)—This resin is manufactured by reacting urea with formaldehyde. This liquid resin usually contains 60% to 65% solids in water. About 4.2 billion pounds are consumed annually in the North America for manufacturing products for interior uses. This resin and products bonded with it have the following characteristics: --A low-cost resin, about $0.25 per dry pound. --UF requires a low curing temperature (~130 oC) and short press time (1 minute to 5 minutes depending upon thickness of products) --UF adhesive bonds are water-resistant but not waterproof, and these bonds tend to degrade under elevated temperature and humid environments, causing separation of bonded wood elements and emission of formaldehyde gas. Melamine-Urea-formaldehyde resin (MUF)—This resin is manufactured from urea, melamine, and formaldehyde. Melamine-formaldehyde (MF) itself is a very good (waterproof) but expensive adhesive resin. Melamine is used in manufacturing MUF as a supplement to UF resin to overcome the shortcomings of UF resin. The melamine-to-urea should be at least 15% by weight so that the adhesive bonds are more wet-du