f r o m c u l t u r e a n d p e r s o n a l i t y t o p s y c h o l o g i c a l a n t h r o p o l o g y（f r o m c u l t u r e n d p e r s o n l i t y t o p s y c h o l o g i c a l n t h r o p l o g y）.doc

FROM CULTURE AND PERSONALITY TO PSYCHOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY History of Anthropological Interest in Human Psychology Culture Personality School Students of Franz Boas -- Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead Second phase of N. American ethnographic research Psychological Anthropology Cognitive anthropology ethnopsychology Culture and the Self Focus on individuals in cultural settings phenomenon of culture as it is reflected in the thoughts, feelings and acts of individuals individual versus society Culture Personality School the Historical Particularism of Franz Boas response to evolutionary tradition all societies could be understood only in light of their particular past focus on culture with a small c, not universal C opposed to biological explanations cultural relativism Influence of Sigmund Freud use of Freudian psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to understand the development and formation of individual behavior in different cultural settings Basic instincts – Oedipus complex Early childhood experiences personality development Modal personality projected in social cultural institutions (from Freud’s interests in dreams) CULTURE PERSONALITY personality - refers to an individuals socially standardized patterns of action, thought feeling culture denotes the socially standardized patterns of activity, thought feeling of some enduring group concentrate the study and description of culture in the locus of the person DEVELOPMENT or FORMATION OF PERSONALITY attention to the process of growing up in particular communities important for the development/formation of individual personality child rearing practices, toilet training, parent acceptance rejection, task assignment, schooling link process of growing up with adult personality and then finally with culture and social institutions Modal Personality Personality typical of a culturally bounded population In contrast to an individual personality The distinctive way a person thinks, feels, and behaves Mead’s Cultu