experiment4 fractional distillationofan acetone- toluene（experiment4分数distillationofan丙酮-甲苯）.doc

E3 Interphase Partition Analysis E3 - Interphase Partition Analysis: Distillation and GC Introduction Distillation and chromatography are two important methods for the separation of chemicals. You will familiarize yourself with these two techniques in this experiment. First, A 50/50 mixture of cyclohexane and toluene will be prepared and separated via fractional distillation. Three fractions of the distillate will be collected and analyzed in the GC to determine the effectiveness of the distillation. An unknow mixture of two organic chemicals will be provided. Using the techniques of distillation and GC, you should be able to determine the composition of the mixture. Simple or fractional distillation at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum are crucial steps in manufacturing chemicals. Although the origin of distillation is uncertain, alchemists report its use as early as the sixth century AD. Aristotles doctrine that metals and minerals had souls made sense to the esoteric alchemists, and from it they drew a logical conclusion: Distillation and sublimation purified material substances-and by extension could purify human souls as well… The word sublime originally referred to the solid material purified by evaporation and recondensation. In distillation, the residue left in the flask was termed the dead body or caput mortuum (dead head), and the condensed vapors were considered to be the soul or spirit of the material. The term spirit carries over even today in the names of such pharmaceutical as spirit of ammonia and sweet spirits of niter. Chromatography in its different versions is used either as a quality control tool or as a separation technique when distillation is not feasible. The term chromatography was coined by the Russian botanist Mikhail Tsweett around the turn of the century, he used the technique to separate chlorophylls from xanthophylls by passing solutions of the compounds through a glass column containing finely divided ca