ShortVersion21.GausssLaw短版21.高斯定律-ckw.pptVIP

21.6. Gauss’s Law Conductors 高斯定律和導體 Electrostatic Equilibrium 靜電平衡 Conductor = material with free charges 導體 = 有自由電荷的物質 E.g., free electrons in metals. 例：金屬的自由電子。 External E ? Polarization 外加 E ? 偏極 ? Internal E ? 內 E Total E = 0 : Electrostatic equilibrium 總 E = 0 ：靜電平衡 ( All charges stationary ) (所有電荷都不動) Microscopic view: replace above with averaged values. 微觀：上述各量以平均值代替。 Neutral conductor 中性導體 Uniform field 均勻場 Induced polarization cancels field inside 誘發偏極抵消了內部的場 Net field淨場 Charged Conductors 帶電導體 Excess charges in conductor tend to keep away from each othe