mixed effects a n o v a- pirate panel（混合影响n o v -海盗面板）.docVIP

Random and Mixed Effects ANOVA A classification variable in ANOVA may be either “fixed” or “random.” The meaning of “fixed” and “random” are the same as they were when we discussed the distinction between regression and correlation analysis. With a fixed variable we treat the observed values of the variable as the entire population of interest. Another way to state this is to note that the sampling fraction is one. The sampling fraction is the number of values in the sample divided by the number of values in the population. Suppose that one of the classification variables in which I am interested is the diagnosis given to a patient. There are three levels of this variable, 1 (melancholic depression), 2 (postpartum depression), and 3 (seasonal affective disorder). Since I consider these values (1, 2, and 3) the entire population of interest, the variable is fixed. Suppose that a second classification variable is dose of experimental therapeutic drug. The population of values of interest ranges from 0 units to 100 units. I randomly chose five levels from a uniform population that ranges from 0 to 100, using this SAS code: Data Sample; Do Value=1 To 5;Dose=round(100*Uniform(0)); Output; End; run; Proc Print; run; quit; Obs Value Dose 1 1 12 2 2 23 3 3 54 4 4 64 5 5 98 In my research, I shall use the values 12, 23, 54, 64, and 98 units of the drug. There is a uncountably large number of possible values between 0 and 100, so my sampling fraction is 5/( = 0. Put another way, dose of drug is a random effects variable. The Group x Dose ANOVA here will be “mixed effects,” because there is a mixture of fixed and random effects. When calculating the F ra