ppt课件-batchdistillation.pptVIP

Lecture 15: Batch Distillation Batch Distillation Batch Distillation Batch Distillation Batch Distillation Batch Distillation Batch Distillation Batch Rectification with Constant Reflux Batch Rectification with Constant Reflux Batch Rectification with Constant Reflux Batch Rectification with Constant Reflux * Total condenser Overhead vapor Boilup N 2 1 Distillation Reflux drum Rectifying section stages Stripping section stages Feed Stage Bottoms Partial reboiler Reflux Distillate Feed In differential distillation a feed mixture (an initial charge) of a given composition is placed in a single stage separator (a still pot, retort or flask) and heated to boiling. The vapor is collected and condensed to a distillate. The composition of the remaining liquid and the distillate are functions of time. There may be several reasons for running a batch process such as this: 1) Small capacity doesn’t warrant continuous operation 2) Separation is to be done only occasionally 3) Separation is preparative to produce a new product 4) Upstream operations are batchwise or feedstocks vary with time or from batch to batch 5) Feed materials are not appropriate for a continuous flow system. The Differential Distillation operation requires a much simpler apparatus, but is complicated because the process is now a function of time. Total condenser Overhead vapor Differential Distillation Distillate No reflux No boilup No reboiler No cascade No feed stream No countercurrent flow Liquid composition x(t) Distillate composition y(t) Distillate flow D(t) Liquid remaining W(t) QB To analyze this process we must perform component balances in the form of rates: The rate of depletion of the liquid is equal to the rate of distillate output The instantaneous rate of depletion of a component in the liquid is given by: Change in total amount of that component in the liquid Change in composition in the liquid Change in the total amount of the liquid The instantaneous rate of th