ppt课件-biochemicaltests-alevelbiology.pptVIP

Biochemical Tests By Cheryl Kent Biochemical Tests Biochemical tests identify the main biologically important chemical compounds. For each test take a small amount of the substance to test, shake it in water in a test tube.(The substance may need grinding with a pestle and mortar, to break up the cells and release the cell contents.) Many of these compounds are insoluble, but the tests work just as well in a fine suspension. Benedict’s Test For Reducing Sugars All monosaccharide’s and most disaccharides will reduce copper (II) sulphate, producing a precipitate of copper (I) oxide on heating, so they are called reducing sugars. Benedict’s reagent is an aqueous solution of copper (II) sulphate, sodium carbonate and sodium citrate. Grind up sample To approx. 2cm3 of test solution add equal quantity of Benedict’s reagent. Shake, and heat for a few minutes at 95?C in a water bath A precipitate indicates reducing sugars Original Pale Blue = no reducing sugar Brown/Red = reducing sugar Benedict’s Test For Non-Reducing Sugars Non-Reducing sugars do not reduce copper sulphate. However, if it is first hydrolysed to its constituent monosaccharides, it will then give a positive Benedict’s Test. First test a sample for reducing sugars, to see if there are any present before hydrolysis. Then using a separate sample, ? Boil the test solution with dilute hydrochloric acid for a few minutes to hydrolyse the glycosidic bond. ? Neutralise, by adding small amounts of solid sodium hydrogen carbonate until it stops fizzing. ? Perform the Benedict’s test ? A positive result indicates the presence of simple non-reducing sugar. Iodine Test For Starch ? To approximately 2cm of the test solution add 2 drops of iodine/potassium iodide solution. ? A blue/black colour indicates the presence of starch. Starch is only slightly soluble in water, but the test works well in a suspension or as a solid. Emulsion Test For Lipids Lipids do not dissolve in water, but do dissolve in ethanol. This cha