ppt课件-biomechanicsandangularmomentum.pptVIP

Sports and Angular Momentum Dennis Silverman Bill Heidbrink U. C. Irvine Overview Angular Motion Angular Momentum Moment of Inertia Conservation of Angular Momentum Sports body mechanics and angular momentum Angular Momentum and Stability How a baseball curves Angular Momentum Linear momentum or quantity of motion is P = mv, and inertia given by mass m. m ? v Rotation of a mass m about an axis, zero when on axis, so should involve distance from axis r Angular momentum L = r mv Circular Motion The angle θ subtended by a distance s on the circumference of a circle of radius r Radians Instead of measuring the angle θ in degrees (360 to a circle), we can measure in pizza pi slices such that there are 2π = 6.28 to a full circle So each radian slice is about a sixth of a circle or 57.3 degrees. Then we can write directly: s = θ r with θ in radians. When a complete circle is traversed, θ = 2π, and s = 2π r, the circumference. Angular Velocity When a wheel is rotating uniformly about its axis, the angle θ changes at a rate called ω, while the distance s changes at a rate called its velocity v. Then s = r θ gives v = r ω. Angular Momentum and Moment of Inertia Let’s recall the angular momentum L = r m v = r m (ω r) L = m r2 ω In a “rigid body”, all parts rotate at the same angular velocity ω, so we can sum mr2 over all parts of the body, to give I = Σ mr2, the moment of inertia of the body. The total angular momentum is then L = I ω. Conservation of Angular Momentum If there are no outside forces acting on a symmetrical rotating body, angular momentum is conserved, essentially by symmetry. The effect of a uniform gravitational field cancels out over the whole body, and angular momentum is still conserved. L also involves a direction, where the axis is the thumb if the motion is followed by the fingers of the right hand. Examples of Moment of Inertia Hammer thrower Stick about different rotation axes Diver Baseball bat Pop quiz Applications of Conservation of