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ppt课件-basicelectricalsafety-georgiatechosha21d
Subpart S - Electrical(1910.301 - 399) Live parts DEFINITION A physical agency caused by the motion of electrons, protons, and other charged particles, manifesting itself as an attraction, repulsion, magnetic, luminous, and heating effects, etc. ELEMENTS ATOMS Every known substance – solid, liquid or gas is composed of elements An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element Each element has it’s own kind of atom ATOMS Inner part composed of protons neutrons Outer part composed of electrons Protons = positive charge Neutrons = no charge Electrons = negative charge ATOMS Each element has a definite number of electrons ----and the same number of protons They are oppositely charged and therefore attract each other. This tends to hold the electrons in orbit around the atom. ELECTRICALLY BALANCED ATOM FREE ELECTRONS Some atoms are easily moved out of orbit The ability to move or flow is the basis of current electricity If channeled in a given direction, a flow of electrons occurs --- when flowed through a conductor it is dynamic electricity ELECTICAL MATERIALS CONDUCTOR – contains many free electrons --- gold, copper, silver, aluminum INSULATOR – contains few free electrons-Usually non-metallic such as wood, rubber, glass, etc GENERATING ELECTRICITY Friction, pressure, heat, light, chemical reaction, and magnetism Magnetism is most practical inexpensive method Electricity is produced when a magnet is moved past a piece of wire, or wire is moved through a magnetic field VOLTAGE, CURRENT, RESISTANCE VOLTAGE – unit of measurement of electromotive force (EMF) CURRENT - Continuous movement of electrons past a given point. (measured in amperes) RESISTANCE – Opposition to movement of electrons. Makes it possible to generate heat, control current flow, supply correct voltage to devices OHM’S LAW George Simon Ohm Formulated a mathematical relationship between: Current Voltage Resistance Resistance = Impedance Re
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