ppt课件-carbonatesystem-universityofcoloradoboulder.pptVIP

* Atmospheric CO2 Balance Slow silicate rock weathering balances long-term build-up of atmospheric CO2 On the 1-100 million-year time scale Rate of chemical hydrolysis balance rate of volcanic emissions of CO2 Neither rate was constant with time Earth’s long term habitably requires only that the two are reasonably well balanced What Controls Weathering Reactions? Chemical weathering influenced by Temperature Weathering rates double with 10°C rise Precipitation H2O is required for hydrolysis Increased rainfall increases soil saturation H2O and CO2 form carbonic acid Vegetation Respiration in soils produces CO2 CO2 in soils 100-1000x higher than atmospheric CO2 Climate Controls Chemical Weathering Precipitation closely linked with temperature Warm air holds more water than cold air Vegetation closely linked with precipitation and temperature Plants need water Rates of photosynthesis correlated with temperature Chemical Weathering: Earth’s Thermostat? Chemical weathering can provide negative feedback that reduces the intensity of climate warming Chemical Weathering: Earth’s Thermostat? Chemical weathering can provide negative feedback that reduces the intensity of climate cooling * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ALKALINITY refers to waters ability, or inability, to neutralize acids. The terms alkalinity and total alkalinity are often used to define the same thing. Alkalinity is routinely measured in natural water samples. By measuring only two parameters, such as alkalinity and pH, the remaining parameters that define the carbonate chemistry of the solution (PCO2, [HCO3–], [CO32–], [H2CO3]) can be determined. Total alkalinity - sum of the bases in equivalents that are titratable with strong acid (the ability of a solution to neutralize strong acids) Bases which can neutralize acids in natural waters: HCO3–, CO32–, B(OH)4–, H3SiO4–, HS–, organic acids (e.g., acetate CH3COO–, formate HCOO–) Carbonate alkalinity Alkalinity ≈ (HCO3–) + 2(CO32–) Re