ppt课件-causesandeffects-luzernecountycommunitycollege.pptVIP

COMPLICATED DEFINITIONS EXAMPLES SO WHAT?! DANGERS of CAUSE-EFFECT CAUSESand EFFECTS Part 1:THE RHETORICAL STRATEGY BACKGROUND BACKGROUND: To reinforce the complexity non-linearity Of Causality Consequence To rectify certain misconceptions concerning Causality Consequence * BACKGROUND NO OVERSIMPLIFICATION: a cause often has more than 1 effect an effect often has more than 1 cause causes can be effects from other causes effects can become causes of other effects Thus, causes effects = plural Thus, their relationship = complex, non-linear Thus, the pictures of the spider webs * BACKGROUND NO OVERSIMPLIFICATION: Life is too complex, too complicated For events to have but 1 cause, 1 effect such singularity, simplicity is quite rare Thus, it would be an oversimplification to claim that a situation had but a single cause leading up to it and single effect flowing away from it * BACKGROUND NO VACUUM: Further, no event happens in a vacuum unrelated or unconnected to any other situation past and present Hence, causes and effects have a certain interconnectedness (like a web!) Ask yourself: Where did those causes come from? causes as effects of other causes Where do those effects go? Effects as causes of other effects * WEB BACKGROUND NO VACUUM: * EVENT CAUSE CAUSE CAUSE EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT BACKGROUND NO COUPLES: Also, causes effects do not pair up like animals marching to Noah’s Ark Causes Effects have no 1:1 ratio A cause does not have a corresponding effect a “soul mate,” partner, companion, spouse As a matter of fact, the idea of correspondence is doubtful itself Hence, in an essay, you wouldn’t discuss in a single paragraph a cause-effect pair * BACKGROUND NO LINEARITY: Nor do Causes Effects regularly queue up to form a neat chronological line this happened ? which led to this ? which led to this ? … What some call “causal chains” Oftentimes, unrelated or independent causes coalesce to create a series of effects Think “a perfect storm” 3 se