ppt课件-carbohydrates-woodlandhillsschooldistrict.pptVIP

Regents Biology Regents Biology Carbohydrates 2009-2010 Carbohydrates: OH OH H H HO CH2OH H H H OH O Energy molecules Carbohydrates Building block molecules = sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar sugars sucrose Carbohydrates Function: quick energy energy storage structure cell wall in plants Examples sugars starches cellulose (cell wall) glucoseC6H12O6 starch Sugars = building blocks Names for sugars usually end in glucose fructose sucrose maltose OH OH H H HO CH2OH H H H OH O glucose C6H12O6 sucrose fructose maltose -ose Building carbohydrates Synthesis | glucose | glucose 1 sugar = monosaccharide 2 sugars = disaccharide | maltose mono = one saccharide = sugar di = two Dehydration synthesis Building carbohydrates Synthesis | fructose | glucose 1 sugar = monosaccharide | sucrose (table sugar) 2 sugars = disaccharide How sweetit is! BIG carbohydrates Polysaccharides large carbohydrates starch energy storage in plants potatoes glycogen energy storage in animals in liver muscles cellulose structure in plants cell walls chitin structure in arthropods fungi exoskeleton poly = many Building BIG carbohydrates glucose + glucose + glucose… = starch (plant) glycogen (animal) energystorage polysaccharide Digesting starch vs. cellulose starcheasy todigest cellulosehard todigest enzyme enzyme Cellulose Cell walls in plants herbivores can digest cellulose well most carnivores cannot digest cellulose that’s why they eat meat to get their energy  nutrients cellulose = roughage stays undigested keeps material moving in your intestines Different Diets of Herbivores Cow can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars Gorilla can’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose so well? BACTERIA live in their stomachs help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals Eeeew…Chewingcud? 2009-2010 Let’s build some Carbohydrates! EAT X A