ppt课件-corrosionanddegradation.pptVIP

Mechanisms leading to degradation of polymers Cleavage via hydrolysis Polymer Oxidation Metal Degradative concerns High release of ionic metallic debris Toxicity: Metal-on-metal bearings are not recommended for patients with poorly functioning kidneys because metal ions excreted through the kidneys can build up in the blood. osteolysis and implant loosening in total hip patients with metal-on-metal bearings may be associated with hypersensitivity to metallic debris Surface replacement with metal on metal is a new technology that has gained a great deal of recent interest. Hip surface replacement preserves more bone in the patient than conventional hip replacement. This has the potential of being a first-line treatment of end-stage arthritis in younger, active patients. Metal on Polyethylene Bearings The adverse effects of oxidation during radiation sterilization Polyethylene components, like most medical devices, are sterilized by exposure to gamma radiation. The radiation, while penetrating through the component, has sufficient energy to break the chains that form the molecular backbone of the polymer. If the radiation exposure is performed while the component is exposed to air, the broken ends can react with oxygen, causing harmful changes, including a decrease in molecular weight, a dramatic loss of ductility, and a decrease in strength. The combined effect may make the polyethylene markedly more susceptible to wear. Approaches to minimize degradation of PE Placing polyethylene joint replacement components into sealed packages that contain either a vacuum or an inert gas, such as nitrogen or argon, instead of air. Replacing radiation altogether, instead exposing polyethylene components to ethylene oxide or gas plasma, neither of which imparts sufficient energy to cause oxidation. Increasing dose of radiation to promote crosslinking of polymer chains early results show a dramatic decrease in wear of between 30 and 96 percent in total hip replacements over that s