ppt课件-foodhabitsofswan-universityofarizona.pptVIP

Feeding Habits of Swans Daijiro Hata Characteristics of Swans Anseriforms, Anserinae – 8 species. Large body Herbivory Social – make flocks Migratory waterfowl most of the translocated swans return to the original places the following year. Use wetlands for foraging and nesting. Food Type of Swans 3 types of food 1) Agricultural plants - High carbohydrates 2) Wetland plants - Lower carbohydrates than ag. ｐlants - Some high water high fiber content 3) Animal matter - High protein Aquatic Plants Especially, Pondweed (Potamogeton spp.) - Swans eat tubers, seeds, …. - Foraging swans go to find pondweeds. (Earnst Rothe 2004) Others - Eelgrass or Wild celery (Vallisneria spp.) - Widgeon grass (Ruppia spp.) - Muskgrass or Skunkweed (Chara spp.) Population of Swan Population of swans have increased. - Conservation - Management for recreation hunting, watching - Low enforcement Trumpeter swan: Rocky Mountain Pop. from 200 (1935) to 2200 (1993) . (Baskin 1993, Squires Anderson 1995) Mute swan: Atlantic Flyway Pop. from 200 (1955) to 5300 (1987), 12600 (1999). (Conover Kania 1994, USGS Website 2001) Tundra swan: Pacific Flyway Pop. increased since 1940s, Western 50000(1958), 60000 (2005). (Eastern 100000) (Sherwood 1960, ADFG Website 2005) Problems of Swans Population have increased. Wetlands habitats have declined. Make flocks concentrate in the scarce habitats. Large, but the limited digestive capacity. (21-34%: Mitchell Wass 1995) - Eat a lot. Wave Overexploitation of plants - Possible to destroy ecosystem in wetlands. - And compete with other animals. E Coast Chesapeake Bay Wildlife managers say…Tundra swan 1) Significant damage to aquatic plants. 2) Conflict with other shorebirds. Once MBTA (Migratory Bird Treaty Act) did