ppt课件-forces-urbanaschooldistrict#116.pptVIP

Forces Examples of Forces A force is just a push or pull. Examples: an object’s weight tension in a rope a left hook to the schnozola friction attraction between an electron and proton Bodies don’t have to be in contact to exert forces on each other, e.g., gravity. Fundamental Forces of Nature Gravity Attraction between any two bodies w/ mass Weakest but most dominant Electromagnetic Forces between any two bodies w/ charge Attractive or repulsive Weak nuclear force – responsible for radioactive decay Strong nuclear force – holds quarks together (constituents of protons and neutrons) Newton’s Laws of Motion Inertia: “An object in motion tends to stay in motion. An object at rest tends to stay at rest.” Fnet = ma Action – Reaction: “For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.” 1st Law: Inertia A moving body will continue moving in the same direction with the same speed until some net force acts on it. A body at rest will remain at rest unless a net force acts on it. Summing it up: It takes a net force to change a body’s velocity. Inertia Example 1 Inertia Example 2 2nd Law: Fnet = m a The acceleration an object undergoes is directly proportion to the net force acting on it. Mass is the constant of proportionality. For a given mass, if Fnet doubles, triples, etc. in size, so does a. For a given Fnet if m doubles, a is cut in half. Fnet and a are vectors; m is a scalar. Fnet and a always point in the same direction. The 1st law is really a special case of the 2nd law (if net force is zero, so is acceleration). What is Net Force? Net Force the 2nd Law Units Graph of F vs. a Slope W = mg Weight = mass ? acceleration due to gravity. This follows directly from F = m a. Weight is the force of gravity on a body. Two Kinds of Mass Inertial mass: the net force on an object divided by its acceleration. m = Fnet / a Gravitational mass: Compare the gravitational attraction of an unknown mass to that of a known mass, usually with a balance.