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Techniques of Stool Examination, Continued. Flotation Procedures, Continued: Advantages - can provide clean concentrate; reagents have long shelf life, are available commercially; morphology is adequate. Disadvantages - specific gravity must be checked frequently; the larger helminth eggs will not float; must be examined immediately or organisms will begin to settle. Techniques of Stool Examination, Continued. Types of concentration procedures, Continued: Sedimentation Procedures - Concentrate diagnostic stages in sediment. Use of ethyl acetate cleans the specimen by dissolving and floating fat. Techniques of Stool Examination, Continued. Sedimentation Procedures, Continued: Formalin - Ethyl Acetate Procedure - Most commonly used sedimentation procedure (good for either fresh or preserved specimens). Reagents Used: 5% or 10% Formalin - kills organisms preserves morphology. Ethyl Acetate - dissolves fat floats artifacts. Techniques of Stool Examination, Continued. Formalin - Ethyl Acetate Procedure, Continued. Advantages - allows the recovery of all helminth eggs, larvae, and protozoan cysts; easy to perform; can be read anytime following concentration; several stopping places exist in the procedure. Disadvantages - must exercise caution since ethyl acetate is flammable; preparations not as clean as with floatation; amount of specimen used in relation to reagents must be carefully monitored (too much specimen can interfere with efficiency of cleansing concentration). Techniques of Stool Examination, Continued. Permanently Stained Smears - aimed at trophozoite stages, and are most useful in the identification of organisms. Factors Affecting Permanent Staining: Age of specimen - organisms deteriorate with time. Consistency - specimens with significant mucus difficult to stick to the slide. Fixation - must thoroughly mix specimen with preservatives. Smear preparation - must not be too thick or thin. Reagents - must be replaced every 40 slides or weekly. Techn