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Anger Response to perceived misdeeds Common when acts are seen as willful, unjustified, and avoidable Can promote prejudice and heart disease Catharsis hypothesis Happiness Feel-good, do-good phenomenon Subjective well-being Self-perceived happiness/satisfaction with life Motivation and Emotion Motivation internal processes that activate, guide, and maintain our behavior Drive-Reduction Theory Theories of Motivation Drive-Reduction Theory Humans sometimes engage in behaviors that increase rather than reduce drives Arousal Theory Motivated to be at optimal level of arousal Yerkes-Dodson Law There is an optimal level of arousal for the best performance of any task. The more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal that can be tolerated before performance deteriorates. Theories of Motivation Incentive theories Motivation ? incentives/pay offs Cognitive approaches thoughts, expectations, and goals Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation A desire to perform a behavior originates within the individual Extrinsic motivation A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment Maslow’s Hierarchy Identify the motive… Have I got a terrible headache. It’s really splitting. It gets lonely in my apartment on the weekends. My roommate goes to visit her parents and most of my neighbors are away too. I feel really bored by this course. It’s a lot like the one I took last year. I was hoping it would be more challenging. Identify the motive… He really makes me furious. I’m tired of his put-downs! Who does he think he is anyway? Uh, listen, do you mind if we don’t go into that nightclub? I hear that some tough types hang out there and that someone got beaten up there last week. Hey, guess what? I just got an A+ on my term paper. Pretty good, eh? Human Needs Motivation Hunger and Thirst stimulated by internal and external cues Hypothalamus (lateral and ventromedial) Blood levels Glucose, fats, carbohydrates, insulin, l