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Common 1H NMR Patterns 7. multiplet ~7.2 ppm (5H)  8. multiplet ~7.2 ppm (4H)  9. broad singlet, variable  chemical shift Chapter 13 NMR Spectroscopy NMR - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR is a form of spectroscopy that uses an instrument with a powerful magnet to analyze organic compounds. Invented by physicists (1950’s), then used by chemists (1960’s). Why is it called NMR? Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Nuclear – because it looks at the nucleus of an atom, most commonly a hydrogen atom. A hydrogen atom nucleus consists of one proton with a +1 charge and “spin” of ?. It acts like a tiny bar magnet. generatesmagneticfield No external magnetic field applied to sample Random orientation of nuclear spins Sample placed in an external magnetic field NMR – Effect of Magnetic Field NMR: Absorption of Energy Initial State – nucleus at low energy level NMR: Information Obtained  from a Spectrum An NMR Spectrum will generally provide three types of information: Chemical Shift – indicates the electronic environment of the nucleus (shielded or deshielded) Integration – gives the relative number of nuclei producing  a given signal Spin-Spin Coupling – describes the connectivity 1H NMR Spectrum – H2O A sample of water is placed in an NMR instrument, and a proton spectrum is recorded (scanned from left to right). When does nucleus absorb energy? 3. 2, External Field (Ho)from magnet NMR: Simple 1H NMR Spectrum Showing Chemical Shift Two types of protons (a CH2 and a CH3) give two separate signals at two different chemical shifts. NMR: Chemical Shift Practice Assign the four groups shown to the four NMR singals, based on each element’s electronegativity. Group -O-CH3 -Si-CH3 -C-CH3 Cl3C-H EN NMR: Chemical Shift Regions Chemical shift measured in ppm. Chemical shift zero is set to TMS (tetramethylsilane), a reference compound NMR: Chemical Shift Regions Alkane Region (high electron density): Heteroatom R