ppt课件-operationcharacteristics(oc)curve-freequalityfree.pptVIP

Operating Characteristic (OC) Curves Ben M. Coppolo Penn State University Presentation Overview Operation Characteristic (OC) curve Defined Explanation of OC curves How to construct an OC curve An example of an OC curve Problem solving exercise OC Curve Defined What is an Operations Characteristics Curve? the probability of accepting incoming lots. OC Curves Uses Selection of sampling plans Aids in selection of plans that are effective in reducing risk Help keep the high cost of inspection down OC Curves What can OC curves be used for in an organization? Types of OC Curves Type A Gives the probability of acceptance for an individual lot coming from finite production Type B Give the probability of acceptance for lots coming from a continuous process Type C Give the long-run percentage of product accepted during the sampling phase OC Graphs Explained Y axis Gives the probability that the lot will be accepted X axis =p Fraction Defective Pf is the probability of rejection, found by 1-PA OC Curve Definition of Variables PA = The probability of acceptance p = The fraction or percent defective PF or alpha = The probability of rejection N = Lot size n = The sample size A = The maximum number of defects OC Curve Calculation Two Ways of Calculating OC Curves Binomial Distribution Poisson formula P(A) = ( (np)^A * e^-np)/A ! OC Curve Calculation Binomial Distribution Cannot use because: Binomials are based on constant probabilities. N is not infinite p changes But we can use something else. OC Curve Calculation A Poisson formula can be used P(A) = ((np)^A * e^-np) /A ! Poisson is a limit Limitations of using Poisson n= 1/10 total batch N Little faith in probability calculation when n is quite small and p quite large. We will use Poisson charts to make this easier. Calculation of OC Curve Find your sample size, n Find your fraction defect p Multiply n*p A = d From a Poisson table find your PA Calculation of an OC Curve N = 1000 n = 60 p = .01 A = 3 F