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Pressure-flow 3 The high concentration of sucrose in the sieve tube cells of the phloem causes water to move in by osmosis, which raises pressure in the cell. What happens to the sap? Pressure-flow 4 A developing fruit is one example of a sink. Sucrose may be actively transported out of phloem into the fruit cells. In a root, sucrose is converted into starch, which keeps sugar moving in by diffusion. Pressure-flow 5 As the sugar concentration drops in the sieve tube cells, osmosis moves water out of the tube. Pressure-flow 6 As water moves out by osmosis, the pressure in the sieve tube cells drops. The pressure difference along the column of sieve tube cells keeps the sap flowing. Pressure-flow: Review Animated tutorial: Phloem Loading Plant Transport Moving water, minerals, and sugars Vascular Tissue Xylem Xylem tissue transports water from roots to leaves. Xylem vessels are dead at maturity. Why? Think of both structural and functional reasons. Phloem Phloem tissue transports sap (water and sugar) from “source” to “sink.” Phloem vessels are live at maturity, but need companion cells. Why? Source and Sink Source: where the sugar starts its journey (either where it is produced or stored). Sink: where sugar ends up (either where it is needed or will be stored). Transpiration Water transport in 3 parts Transpiration (or evapo-transpiration) is the transport of water and minerals from roots to leaves. It involves three basic steps: Absorption at the roots. Capillary action in the xylem vessels. Evaporation at the leaf. Part 1: Roots Roots absorb water and minerals in a 4-step process: Active transport of minerals into root hairs. Diffusion to the pericycle. Active transport into the vascular cylinder. Diffusion into the xylem. Mineral and water uptake Casparian Strip The Casparian strip controls water movement into the vascular cylinder of the root. Water cannot move between cells. It must move through the cells by osmosis. Why is this important? Microbial helpers