ppt课件-powerfromcoalwithoutemissions-columbiauniversity.pptVIP

The Central Role of Energy Not about limiting access to energy low cost, plentiful, and clean energy for all Energy, Wealth, Economic Growth Big Uncertainty Robust strategies for uncertain development paths Scope of world-wide industrialization Will oil and gas run out? – Coal as backstop Will nuclear energy play a role? – More electricity Will solar energy get cheap? – Hydrogen, electricity Will energy efficiency play out? – Potential surprise Decentralization vs. Concentration – Greenhouse gases The role of the smaller sources? Today’s Energy Infrastructure All fossil energy plus a little hydro and nuclear energy plus a very little renewable energy Energy is not running out Plenty of fossil carbon Plenty of nuclear energy Plenty of solar energy Other options are niche player Resource Estimates Carbon as Low Cost Energy Fossil Fuels 5000 Gigatons of cheap fuel Ubiquitous, current consumption is 6Gt/yr 85% of all commercial energy Coal, oil, gas, tar etc. are fungible SASOL: gasoline from coal at $45/bbl Tarsands: Synthetic crude at less $20/bbl Fungibility of Sources All hydrocarbons are interchangeable Gasification, Fischer Tropsch Reactions Electricity can make all carriers But at a price – need cheap electricity Heat can be turned into electricity Low efficiency – but routinely done Electricity can pump heat Efficient – but needs cheap electricity Fossil Fuels CO2 emissions need to stop Large Reductions Required Independent of CO2 level at stabilization Time urgency is high up to ~800ppm NON-SOLUTIONS Energy efficiency improvements Energy reductions Growing Trees Hydrogen Today’s Technology Fails To Deliver Sufficient Energy … … for 10 billion at US per capita rates Environmental Problems Pollution, CO2 Oil and Gas Shortages Concentration in the Middle East The hydrogen economy cannot run on electricity There are no hydrogen wells A Triad of Large Scale Optionsbacked by a multitude of opportunities Solar Cost reduction and mass-manufacture Nuclear Cost, was