Hessslaw.pptVIP

22/11/99 Hess’s law Hess’s Law states that the heat of a whole reaction is equivalent to the sum of it’s steps. For example: C + O2 ? CO2 (pg. 165) The book tells us that this can occur as 2 steps C + ?O2 ? CO ?H? = – 110.5 kJ CO + ?O2 ? CO2 ?H? = – 283.0 kJ Steps in drawing enthalpy diagrams Balance the equation(s). Sketch a rough draft based on ?H? values. Draw the overall chemical reaction as an enthalpy diagram (with the reactants on one line, and the products on the other line). Draw a reaction representing the intermediate step by placing the relevant reactants on a line. Check arrows: Start: two leading away Finish: two pointing to finish Intermediate: one to, one away Look at equations to help complete balancing (all levels must have the same # of all atoms). Add axes and ?H? values. C + ? O2 ? CO ?H? = – 110.5 kJ CO + ? O2 ? CO2 ?H? = – 283.0 kJ Practice Exercise 6 (pg. 167) with Diagram Using example 5.6 as a model, try PE 6. Draw the related enthalpy diagram. 5.51 (pg. 175) 5.52 (pg. 175) Hess’s law: Example 5.7 (pg. 166) We may need to manipulate equations further: 2Fe + 1.5O2 ? Fe2O3 ?H?=?, given Fe2O3 + 3CO ? 2Fe + 3CO2 ?H?= – 26.74 kJ CO + ? O2 ? CO2 ?H?= – 282.96 kJ 1: Align equations based on reactants/products. 2: Multiply based on final reaction. 3: Add equations. * C + CO + O2 ? CO + CO2 ?H? = – 393.5 kJ I.e. C + O2 ? CO2 ?H? = – 393.5 kJ Hess’s law allows us to add equations. We add all reactants, products, ?H? values. We can also show how these steps add together via an “enthalpy diagram” … C + O2 ? CO2 ?H? = – 393.5 kJ Reactants Intermediate Products C + O2 CO2 CO Enthalpy Note: states such as (s) and (g) have been ignored to reduce clutter on these slides. You should include these in your work. ?H? = – 110.5 kJ ?H? = – 283.0 kJ ?H? = – 393.5 kJ + ? O2 C2H4(g) + 3O2(g)? 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ?H?= –1411.1 kJ 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) ? C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) ?H?= +1367.1 kJ C2H