a a f a q- benchmarking best practices report april2007(一个f april2007 q -基准测试最佳实践报告)(267页).docVIP

a a f a q- benchmarking best practices report april2007(一个f april2007 q -基准测试最佳实践报告)(267页).doc

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???? ? ??? DHAHRAN – SAUDI ARABIA AAFAQ PLAN FOR FUTURE HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA REPORT ON BENCHMARKING BEST PRACTICES IN HIGHER EDUCATION Australia, Finland, South Korea, Malaysia United States MAY 2007 Table of Contents 0. INTRODUCTION vii 1. HIGHER EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA 1 1.1 Background 1 1.1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.2 Country Profile 1 1.1.3 Brief History of Australia 2 1.2 Education System in Australia 3 1.2.1 Pre-School Education 3 1.2.2 School and Post Secondary education 4 1.2.3 Vocational and Technical Education 5 1.2.4 Higher Education 6 1.2.5 Providers of Education in Australia 8 1.3 Past Reforms of Higher Education in Australia 9 1.3.1 Australian Higher Education: Early Years to World War II 9 1.3.2 Reform 1: The Post-Second World War Era 10 1.3.3 Reform 2: The Murray Committee, 1957 10 1.3.4 Reform 3: The Martin Committee, 1964 10 1.3.5 Reform 4: The Dawkins Reform, 1988 11 1.4 Current Reform and Initiatives 11 1.4.1 Reform 5: Nelson’s Reform 11 1.4.2 Key Principles of Reform 13 1.4.3 Main Initiatives and Policies 14 1.5 Conclusions 37 1.6 Lessons from the Australian Experience 38 1.6.1 General Observation 38 1.6.2 Funding (Financial Resources) 38 1.6.3 Diversity in Program Offerings (Programs and Curricula) 38 1.6.4 Excellence in Teaching and Learning (Delivery) 39 1.6.5 Autonomy and Responsive Workplace (Governance) 39 1.6.6 Equity (Access) 39 1.6.7 Quality Assurance 39 1.6.8 Collaboration 40 1.7 References 40 2. HIGHER EDUCATION IN FINLAND 44 2.1 Introduction 44 2.1.1 Land and History 44 2.1.2 Social and Cultural 45 2.2 Pre-Transformation High Education (20 Years back) 46 2.2.1 Philosophy and Structure of the System 46 2.2.2 Key Issues and Problems in HE Transformation 47 2.3 Higher Education Transformation Initiatives and Strategies 48 2.3.1 HE Transformation as Part of the Global Transformation of Society 48 2.3.2 Changes in HE Philosophy, Goals and Missions 49 2.3.3 Key Policy Initiatives an

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