bibliography- u s forest service（参考书目——美国森林服务）（410页）.docVIP

Bibliography 1. Abt, Steven R.; Brisbane, Thomas E.; Frick, David M.; McKnight, Charles A. 1992. Trash rack blockage in supercritical flow. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 118(12):1694-1696. Localized system flooding can result from debris clogging of trash racks placed on hydraulic structures. A portion of a drainage structure was physically modeled, including a trash rack located upstream from an inlet drop structure. The drainage system was modeled with trash rack orientations of 1:2 slope and 3:1 slope. The trash rack was systematically blocked until flooding resulted. Trash rack designs were evaluated with flows representing 100-year reoccurrence events simulating partially developed to fully developed conditions of the simulated basin. Supercritical flows prevailed throughout the system. Results indicated that a 40 percent blockage be assumed for trash-rack analysis in supercritical flow. Assuming that debris is floating may become a fatal flaw in the design process. Keywords: trash rack, drainage, flood estimation and control 2. Abt, Steven R.; Donnell, Charles A.; Ruff, James F.; Doehring, Frederick K. 1985. Culvert slope and shape effects on outlet scour. Transportation Research Record. 1017:24-30. Contained in this report are results of a flume study that was conducted to evaluate the effects culvert shape and slope have on outlet scour after 316 minutes of testing. A circular culvert was tested at 0-, 2-, and 5-percent slopes. The scour hole characteristics of depth, width, length, and volume were correlated to the discharge intensity for each slope. The results indicated that an increase in slope subsequently increased the dimensions of scour. The culvert slope significantly affected the scour volume estimates based on prediction equations currently in practice. Tests of circular, square, arch, and rectangular culverts were made with full flow for 316 minutes. The maximum depth, width, length, and volume of scour were correlated to mod