boddekersopticspages（6页）.docVIP

Ch 27 Optics and the Eye Light passes through the cornea of the human eye and is focused by the lens on the retina. The ciliary muscles change the shape of the lens. The eye produces a real, inverted image on the retina. Why don’t things look upside down to us? Near Point ( closest point to the eye that the lens is able to focus ≈ 25 cm from the eye (changes with age) Far Point ( farthest point at which the eye can focus; should be infinitely far away The simplest camera consists of a lens and film in a dark box The camera lens cannot change shape; it moves closer to or farther away from the film in order to focus. The f-number characterizes the size of the aperture: The combination of f-number and shutter speed determines the amount of light that reaches the film. Lenses in Combination and Corrective Optics In a two-lens system, the image produced by the first lens serves as the object for the second lens. To find the image formed by a combination of lenses, consider each lens in turn, starting with the one closest to the object. The total magnification is the product of the magnifications of each lens. A nearsighted person has a far point that is a finite distance away, due to the lens focusing too much; objects farther away will appear blurry. Glasses are essentially a diverging lens that forms an image of a distant object at the far point. The strength of corrective lenses is usually quoted as refractive power, which is the inverse of the focal length measured in 1/m or diopters. Refractive Power = 1 / f Example The relaxed eyes of a patient have a refractive power of 48.5 diopters. (a) Is this patient nearsighted or farsighted? (b) Since this patient is nearsighted, find the far point. (Treat the eye as a single-lens system, with the retina 2.40 cm from the lens.) (a) near sighted people like to see clearly in the distance, thus calculate refractive power for very distant objects. 1/f = 1 / di + 1/do