north- east atlanticand baltic sea health check（北-东atlanticand波罗的海健康检查）（94页）.docVIP

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north- east atlanticand baltic sea health check（北-东atlanticand波罗的海健康检查）（94页）.doc

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North-East Atlantic and Baltic Sea Health Check 1. Introduction The marine environment of the North-East Atlantic and the Baltic Sea is in crisis – resources have been overexploited and the seas have been used as a rubbish dump for decades. Since the early 1970s, the contracting parties to the OSPAR and HELCOM Commissions have made some progress towards improving the management of human activities. However, it is clear from the 2000 North-East Atlantic Quality Status Report (QSR) that the habitats, the fish stocks and the marine wildlife are still under threat. Three years after the publication of the QSR and six years after the last North-East Atlantic and Baltic Sea Ministerial Conferences, WWF’s Health Check report for the North-East Atlantic and Baltic Sea shows that many marine species remain in decline; commercial fish stocks are outside of safe biological limits; and habitats are being degraded and destroyed. Even some of the population increases are a result of poor management practices. For example, the fulmar population is thought to have increased due to increased food availability from the wasteful practice of discarding fish and fish offal at sea. The Health Check report provides a summary of the key threats to the marine environment, the status and management needs of twenty-two habitats and species (or groups of species). The habitats selected represent a typical range of habitats present in the North-East Atlantic and the Baltic Sea, and the species are chosen from a variety of levels on the marine food chain. The results of the Health Check show considerable consistency in the threats identified and these can be broadly categorised as: overexploitation, in particular of fish species; pollution from a variety of sources both onshore and offshore; development and damaging human activities causing degradation and loss of habitats. These are the proximate causes of the deterioration in the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic an