o c e a n r e f l u x- raleigh charter high school（o c e n r f l u e x -罗利特许高中）（47页）.docVIP

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o c e a n r e f l u x- raleigh charter high school（o c e n r f l u e x -罗利特许高中）（47页）.doc

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Ocean reflux Corrosive seawater burps up temporarily IN DEEP WATER: Cold water, in blue, indicates where researchers measured a corrosive upwelling from the deep.Image courtesy of Dana Greeley and Simone Alin of PMEL Seawater with the potentially shell-disrupting chemistry predicted for the open ocean after 2050 has already surfaced along North America’s West Coast, scientists report. In spring 2007, the corrosive, deep water rose temporarily to the Pacific surface some 40 kilometers roughly west of the California-Oregon border, says Richard Feely of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory in Seattle. Elsewhere on the continental shelf, corrosive water rolled up but didn’t surge all the way to the surface, Feely and his colleagues report in an upcoming Science. Deeper water normally swells upward at this time of year. But so much carbon dioxide — from natural and human-related processes — had dissolved in the water that the upwelling had a pH around 7.7. Surface water in the region typically has a pH of between 8.0 and 8.3 (a pH below 7 is acidic). Gloomy estimates hadn’t predicted such a pH drop at the ocean surface until the second half of the century, Feely says. “This means that ocean acidification may be seriously impacting marine life on our continental shelf right now,” he says. Feely blames human releases of greenhouse gas for creating the conditions that led to the upwelling. Deeper water naturally dips closer to acidity and carbonate scarcity, and human additions of carbon dioxide have expanded this zone upward. “I was expecting that upwelling systems would be the first place where corrosive waters would reach the surface, but I hadnt really thought we were already there,” says Corinne Le Quéré of the University of East Anglia, in Norwich, England, after hearing about the work. What this study will really do is to point at where the biologists should come and study the impact of ocean acidif