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r e p r i n t f r o m d i n o s a u r t r a c k s a n d t r a c e s- m i t（r e p i n t f r o m d s u r t i n o r c k s n d t r a c e s - m i t）（8页）.doc

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REPRINT FROM DINOSAUR TRACKS AND TRACES Edited by DAVID D. GILLETTE AND MARTIN G. LOCKLEY Cambridge University Ptress, 1989 COAL MINES AS LOCALITIES FOR STUDYING DINOSAUR TRACE FOSSILS LEE R. PARKER AND JOHN K. BALSLEY Abstract Dinosaur footprint casts have been observed at three major horizons within coal mines in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Blackhawk Formation near Price, Utah. These include the mine floor, the mine roof, and in sediment above the roof seen only in rock-fall areas. Carbonaceous sandstones in the floor were formed as brackish and subsequently freshwater swamps became established on foreshore sediment, close to the shoreline. A small, bipedal animal producing footprints 11 cm long walked in one of these youthful swamps. Sediment exposed in the mine roof, after coal is removed, often has preserved in it thousands of footprint casts of numerous types and sizes of animals which had walked on the peat blanket of much older swamps. In certain areas the soft peat surface had been heavily bioturbated by dinosaur activities with many footprints partly overlapping and obscuring previous tracks. Fossil plants occur with many of these footprints. Selected coal pillars which support the roof have been removed in some mines, allowing overburden to fall to the floor. These These localized rock-fall areas display several levels of fluvial and lacustrine sedimentation some distance above the surface of the coal. It is evident in these units that dinosaurs walked in lake-margin muds, often causing footprint-bioturbation here too. Tail drag features are present in one mudstone. In addition, more than 50 tracks of a large bird which produced footprints 15 cm long occur in a 2 x 2.5 m area of mudstone. Introduction This report describes natural casts of dinosaur trace fossils we have observed in coal mines of east-central Utah near the cities of Helper and Price. All mines have been within coals of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Blackhawk f