san diego mesa college（大学圣地亚哥台面）（12页）.docVIP

San Diego Mesa College Name_________________________ Physical science 101 Date __________Time___________ Lab Report Partners ______________________ ______________________________ TITLE: GEOLOGICAL MODELS Objective: The purpose of these models is to show typical topographic forms and their relation to underlying geologic structures, to help in identifying and understanding geological structures and geological processes that produced them. After studying these models, we should be encouraged to observe the landscape about us more carefully and hopefully be better able to recognize the forces that have produced these topographic features. Theory: Great forces that have been at work for hundreds of millions of years have shaped the crust of the earth. These forces are still at work and will continue as long as the earth exists. All geologic processes can be classified under three main categories: Diastrophism, Volcanism, and Gradation. Diastrophism is any deformation of the earth’s crust. Lands and sea basins are uplifted or depressed. Continents, plateaus, and plains are uplifted. In places, the crust is folded and faulted to form mountains. Volcanism is the process by which magma (molten material) is emplaced in the earth’s crust to cool and crystallize as intrusive igneous rock, such as granite; or by which the molten material comes to the surface as lava in volcanoes or along fissures. Gradation is the wearing down or building up of the crust. The wearing down – erosion- is by water flowing over the lands or in streams; by water dissolving soluble rocks below the surface; by winds; by ice of glaciers; and by waves of seas or lakes. The building up is by deposition of the eroded material as alluvium by rivers and streams; sand and dust by wind; unsorted debris by glaciers; and most important of all, by deposition in seas of materials eroded from the lands or of materials formed by hard pa