seichesand harbour oscillations（seichesand港口振荡）（50页）.docVIP

Seiches and Harbour Oscillations Alexander B. Rabinovich1,2 1 Russian Academy of Sciences, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 36 Nakhimovsky Prosp., Moscow, 117997 RUSSIA E-mail: abr@iki.rssi.ru 2 Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Institute of Ocean Sciences 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, B.C., V8L 4B2 CANADA E-mail: RabinovichA@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca Submitted to: Handbook of Coastal and Ocean Engineering World Scientific January 30, 2008  I. Introduction Seiches are long-period standing oscillations in an enclosed basin or in a locally isolated part of a basin (in the Japanese literature they are commonly known as ‘secondary oscillations (undulations) of tides’ [cf. Honda et al. 1908; Nakano, 1932; Nakano and Unoki, 1962]). The term ‘seiches’ apparently originated from the Latin word siccus which means dry or exposed (from the exposure of the littoral zone at the down-swing) [Hutchinson, 1957; Wilson, 1972]. Free-surface oscillations, known as seiches or seiching in lakes and harbours or as sloshing in coffee cups, bathtubs and storage tanks, have been observed since very early times; a vivid description of seiching in Lake Constance, Switzerland, was given in 1549, and the first instrumental record of seiches obtained in 1730 in Lake Geneva [Wilson, 1972; Miles, 1974]. Korgen [1995] describes seiches as “the rhythmic, rocking motions that water bodies undergo after they have been disturbed and then sway back-and-forth as gravity and friction gradually restore them to their original, undisturbed conditions”. These oscillations occur at the natural resonant periods of the basin (so called ‘eigen periods’) and physically are similar to vibrations of a guitar string and an elastic membrane. The resonant (eigen) periods of seiches are determined by the basin geometry and depth [cf. Wiegel, 1964; Wilson, 1972] and in natural basins may be from a few tens of seconds to several hours. The oscillations are known as natural (or eigen) modes. The mode w