chapt的er6-Instruction system.pptVIP

Computer System and Application Chapter 6: Instruction System of CPU Concepts of Instruction System Instruction system: machine instruction set Interface between hardware and software Determine CPU’s structure and function Determine structure and function of programming language The same part viewed by architect and programmer A large part of CPU design task is implementing instruction set Different CPU architecture, different instruction set RISC vs CISC Contents of designing instruction set Instruction format design Instruction function design Data type support Addressing mode design Components of An Instruction Instruction set The collection of different instructions that the processor can execute Tens~hundreds of instructions An instruction includes Opcodes Addressing mode flag Addresses: source operands and result operands Main memory or virtual memory Register I/O devices Source operand may be immediate operand Address of next instruction: explicit or implicit Machine instruction is presented as a sequence of 0,1 codes Many formats exist in instruction set Opcode Optimization Design Frequently used opcode representations Fixed-length opcode Huffman encoding Extended Huffman encoding Fixed-length opcode One byte length Simple hardware, but total opcode is too long Used in RISC CPU Huffman encoding Variable opcode length Shortest average opcode length Extended Huffman encoding Combining fixed-length and Huffman encoding Huffman Encoding Principle Frequently events are represented by short code Average code length is shortest Theory basis is entropy coding Entropy Shortest average encoding length pi: usage probability of an opcode in program : amount of information of the opcode Redundant amount of information H’: average code length of an encoding mode Example for Huffman Encoding Suppose a CPU has 7 opcodes and occurring probability in program is shown as the ta