unit7金属切削解读.ppt

Though the first model (Fig.7.4a) is convenient from the point of analysis, physically it is impossible to exist. This is because for the transition from undeformed material to deform to take place along a thin plane, the acceleration across the plane has to be infinity. 虽然第一种模型(图7.4a)从分析的角度看是方便的，但实际上是不可能存在的。这是由于未变形的材料沿着剪切面发生变形，而且越过剪切面的加速度无穷大。 Similarly the stress gradient across the shear plane has to be very large to be practical. 同样在实际运用中越过剪切面的应力梯度必须很大才行。 In the second model (Fig.7.4b) by making the shear zone over a region, the transitions in velocities and shear stresses could be realistically accounted for. 在第二种模型(图7.4b)中让剪力区分布于一个范围，速度和剪应力的转变能说明得更符合实际。 The angle made by the shear plane with the cutting speed vector, Φ is a very important parameter in metal cutting. Higher the shear angle better is the cutting performance. From a view of the Fig.7.4a, it can be observed that a higher rake angles give rise to higher shear angles. 由剪切面和切削速度矢量形成的角度Φ在金属切削中是一个十分重要的参数。剪切角越大，切削作业越好。从图7.4a观察，可以看到较大的前角能增大剪切角。 Cutting Tool Materials切削刀具材料 Various cutting tool materials have been used in the industry for different applications. A number of developments have occurred in the current century. 在工业中为了不同的应用可以使用各种各样的切削刀具材料。在最近的百年里产生了许多进展。 A large variety of cutting tool materials has been developed to cater to the variety of materials used in these programmes. Before we discuss the properties of these materials, let us look at the important characteristics expected of a cutting tool material. 多种切削刀具材料被开发出来以满足这些方案中使用材料的多样性。讨论这些材料性能之前，先看一下作为切削刀具材料应具备哪些重要特性。 1. Higher hardness than that of the workpiece material being machined, so that it can penetrate into the work material. 2. Hot hardness, which is the ability of the material to retain its hardness at elevated temperatures in view of the high temperatures existing in the cutting zone. 1. 硬度要比被切削工件材料高，这样它才能进入工件材料。 2. 热硬度，即材料由于存在于切削区的高温而升温时仍能保持其硬度的能力。 3. Wear resistance—The chip-tool and ch