1 预备和知识.pptVIP

1-* Summary The study of programming languages is valuable for a number of reasons: Increase our capacity to use different constructs Enable us to choose languages more intelligently Makes learning new languages easier Most important criteria for evaluating programming languages include: Readability, writability, reliability, cost Major influences on language design have been machine architecture and software development methodologies The major methods of implementing programming languages are: compilation, pure interpretation, and hybrid implementation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Copyright ? 2009 Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-321-49362-1 Chapter 1 Preliminaries 预备知识 孟小亮 QQ: 1920525866 1-* Chapter 1 Topics Reasons for Studying Concepts of Programming Languages Programming Domains Language Evaluation Criteria Influences on Language Design Language Categories Language Design Trade-Offs Implementation Methods Programming Environments 1-* Reasons for Studying Concepts of Programming Languages Increased ability to express ideas Improved background for choosing appropriate languages Increased ability to learn new languages Better understanding of significance of implementation Better use of languages that are already known Overall advancement of computing 1-* Programming Domains Scientific applications Large numbers of floating point computations; use of arrays Fortran Business applications Produce reports, use decimal numbers and characters COBOL Artificial intelligence Symbols rather than numbers manipulated; use of linked lists LISP Systems programming Need efficiency because of continuous use C Web Software Eclectic collection of languages: markup (e.g., XHTML), scripting (e.g., PHP), general-purpose (e.g., Java) 1-* Language Evaluation Criteria Readability: the ease with which programs can be read and understood Writability: the ease with which a language can be used to create programs Reliability: conformance to spe