- 1、本文档共58页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、原创力文档(book118)网站文档一经付费(服务费),不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
- 3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传,本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺!文档内容仅供研究参考,付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费,意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务;查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档,您可以点击 这里二次下载。
- 4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“版权申诉”(推荐),也可以打举报电话:400-050-0827(电话支持时间:9:00-18:30)。
查看更多
Chapter4 Radionuclides in nature第四章 自然界中的放射性核素 杨金玲 Practically all natural materials contain radioactive nuclides, though usually in such low concentrations that they can be detected only by very sensitive analysis. This is true for water (rain water, rivers, lakes, sea), rocks and soil, and all living matter, as well as for structures on natural raw materials except where great care has resulted in use of anon-radioactive material. The radionuclides in our environment can be divided into (i) those formed from cosmic radiation, (ii) those with lifetimes comparable to the age of the earth, (iii) those that are part of the natural decay chains beginning with thorium and uranium, and (iv)those introduced in nature by modern techniques. Sources can be categorized as: (i) cosmogenic宇生放射性的, (ii) and (iii) primordial原生放射性的, and (iv) anthropogenic 人类活动产生的. Cosmogenic radionuclides Cosmic irradiation of the atmosphere produces neutrons and protons which react with N2, O2, Ar, etc. resulting in the production of radioactive nuclides. These nuclides are produced at constant rates and brought to the earth surface by rain water. Equilibrium is assumed to be established between the production rate and the mean residence time of these radionuclides interrestrial reservoirs (the atmosphere, the sea, lakes, soil, plants, etc) leading to constant specific radioactivities of the elements in each reservoir. Cosmogenic radionuclides If a reservoir is closed from the environment, its specific radioactivity decreases. This can be used to determine exposure times of meteorites to cosmic radiation (and the constancy of the cosmic radiation field, using 81Kr), dating marine sediments (using 10Be, 26Al), groundwater (36Cl), glacial ice (10Be), dead biological materials (14C), etc. The shorter-lived cosmogenic radionuclides have been used as natural tracers for atmospheric mixing and precipitation processes (e.g. 39Cl or 38S). Only T and 14C are of sufficient importance to deserve
您可能关注的文档
最近下载
- 高清晰全欧洲铁路网地图.pdf
- 组建创业团队.ppt VIP
- 常见的新生儿高频振荡通气(周伟).ppt
- 第九篇:同红军在一起(续)-初中语文八年级上册名著《红星照耀中国》导读系列课件.pptx VIP
- 融创首创武汉经开国际智慧生态城市149R2地块项目超高层避难层悬挑支模架专项施工方案.pdf
- 部编版道德与法治六年级上册8《我们受特殊保护》(教案).docx
- 统编版选择性必修1与岳麓版必修(Ⅰ)高中历史教科书比较研究——以“政治制度”单元为例.pdf
- 小学五年级上册道德与法治 独领风骚的古代技术创造 教学设计 .pdf
- 浙江省义乌市小商品出口贸易结构现状存在的问题及对策.docx
- 《专业认知实习(2)》实习教学大纲.docx VIP
文档评论(0)