被动句的翻译[精选].ppt

被动句的翻译 英语中被动语态使用范围很广。凡是在不必说出主动者，不愿说出主动者，无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等等场合，往往使用被动语态。汉语中虽然也有被动语态，但使用范围狭窄得多。英语被动语态的句子，译成汉语时，很多情况下都可以译成主动句，但也有一些可以保持被动语态。 译成汉语主动句 英语中被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句可以有几种不同的情况 一、原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语 1.The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天之内全国武装起来了。 2.The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还没有完全消除。 3.The fight was cancelled duo to the frog. 飞机因雾停航。 4.The same aria from Madame Butterfly was played five times in a row. 《蝴蝶夫人》里的一个唱段竟一连播放了五遍。 5.Western Europe’s 10% jobless rate is expected to hit 12% by mid-1994. 西欧的失业率预计到1994年年中会达到12%，目前是10%。 6. He was released immediately after Batista fled Cuba. 在巴蒂斯逃离古巴后，他马上获释。 二、原文中的主语在译文中做宾语 1. By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives. 大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。 2. Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan. 不能阻止比林斯先生实施他的计划。 3. Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed. 在举行个别交谈之前，我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录。 3.Knowing that he’s going to ask in advance should make it easier, I thought. Except that the opposite psychology was used. 我想，在他提问之前先知道他要问什么，可能会好办些。可是没有想到他们却利用了相反的心理作用。 4. Nationalized in 1951 by a Labor government, the British steel industry was denationalized by the Conservatives in 1953, then renationalized by Labor in 1967. 1951年，工党政府把英国钢铁工业收为国有。1953年，保守党政府把它退归私营。然后，1967年工党政府又把它国有化。 三、把动作实施者译成原因状语，用“由于“、”因此”等词来带出 1. This optimism was tempered by the realization that it was a precarious truce that could collapse at any time. 由于人们知道这次休战是不稳定的，是随时都可能遭到破坏的，因而这种乐观情绪也随之冲淡了。 2. Hopes of renewed cooperation with Iran in the near future were dashed by signs that the hostage crisis in Teheran, which started in November 4, might drag into the summer. 在近期恢复与伊朗的合作关系的希望破灭了，因种种迹象表明11月4日开始的德黑兰人质危机可能要拖到夏天才能解决。 四、译成带表语的主动句 1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 2.