MRIContrastAgents-SPIn-DR.pptVIP

MRI Contrast Agents Mark D. Herbst, M.D., Ph.D. Contrast Agents Types Paramagnetic Superparamagnetic Diamagnetic Comparison with X-ray Contrast In radiography (barium enema, UGI series, angiography, arthrography, etc.) we image the contrast agent itself. In MR we usually do not image the contrast agent itself, but we image the water near the contrast agent that is affected by the contrast agent. Contrast agents change the T1 of the water around them. Barium Enema Arthrogram Brain CT with contrast Brain MR with contrast Chelates Chelate means “claw” Chelates surround an ion an make a cage around it A chelate of gadolinium occupies all available space around the ion except one Water molecules exchange in and out of that one spot. When in that spot, the spins have an extremely short T1. This accelerates the overall relaxation rate, shortening T1. Gd chelate Gd-DTPA Free Gd NSF Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis Most likely caused by free Gd Prevent by screening patients for renal disease Calculate estimated creatinine clearance Estimate Creatinine Clearance /Practice/RenalInsuff.html Liver Contrast Agents Other contrast agents MR colonography Water/saline contrast Negative oral contrast Geritol Blueberry juice, pineapple juice MR Colonography Negative contrast agents Used to make stomach contents black in MRCP Geritol, blueberry juice, pineapple juice Iron in Geritol Mn in these juices MRCP Juices Contrast agents – orange juice (OJ), grapefruit juice (GJ), apple juice (AJ), pineapple juice (PJ), milk (M), prune juice (P), cranberry juice (CJ), blueberry and apple juice (BAJ), barium EZ Cat 2% w/v (B), dilute barium (50:50 with water) (DB), concentrated gastrografin (GG), ferumoxsil (F) and water (W). * Iron Magnetite, superparamagnetic agent Makes liver black on T2WI, mets show up as bright white. Copyright ?Radiological Society of North America, 2004 Geenen, R. W. F. et al. Radiographics 2004;24:e18 Figure 3. MR colonography * * *