NeuroimagingwithMRI.pptVIP

Neuroimaging with MRI:Some of the Things We Can See Robert W Cox, PhD Scientific and Statistical Computing Core DIRP / NIMH / NIH / DHHS / USA / Earth Preview of Coming Attractions Quick overview of MRI physics (all on one slide!) Some images and their applications T1-weighted = gray/white/CSF delineation T2-weighted = detection of tissue abnormalities T2*-weighted = venography Contrast agents Enhancement of signals from various tissue types/conditions DCEMRI tumor quantification Diffusion weighted imaging = white matter quantification Imaging brain function with MRI Brain atlases and statistical neuroanatomy Synopsis of MRI 1) Put subject in big magnetic field [and leave him there] ? Magnetizes the H nuclei in water (H2O) 2) Transmit radio waves into subject [about 3 ms] ? Perturbs the magnetization of the water 3) Turn off radio wave transmitter 4) Receive radio waves re-transmitted by subject’s H nuclei ? Manipulate re-transmission by playing with H magnetization with extra time-varying magnetic fields during this readout interval [10-100 ms] ? Radio waves transmitted by H nuclei are sensitive to magnetic fields — those imposed from outside and those generated inside the body: ? Magnetic fields generated by tissue components change the data and so will change the computed image 5) Store measured radio wave data vs time ? Now go back to 2) to get some more data [many times] 6) Process raw (“k-space”) radio wave data to reconstruct images T1-Weighted Images Images whose design (timing of radio pulses and data readout) is to produce contrast between gray matter, white matter, and CSF Zooming In Can follow GM cortex fairly well Can measure thickness of cortex and try to quantify vs age and/or disease and/or genes Bright spots and lines: arterial inflow artifact Leads to idea of MRA = Magnetic Resonance Angiography = acquire images to make arteries stand out even more Higher spatial resolution is possible At the cost of scan time Three Slices