MRIImageFormation.ppt

MRI Image Formation Image Formation Gradients and spatial encoding Sampling k-space Trajectories and acquisition strategies Fast imaging Acquiring multiple slices Image reconstruction and artifacts MR imaging is based on precession Magnetic Gradients Gradient: Additional magnetic field which varies over space Gradient adds to B0, so field depends on position Precessional frequency varies with position! “Pulse sequence” modulates size of gradient Magnetic Gradients Spins at each position sing at different frequency RF coil hears all of the spins at once Differentiate material at a given position by selectively listening to that frequency 2D Imaging via 2D Fourier Transform Analogy: Weather Mapping 2D Fourier Transform Gradients and image acquisition Magnetic field gradients encode spatial position in precession frequency Signal is acquired in the frequency domain (k-space) To get an image, acquire spatial frequencies along both x and y Image is recovered from k-space data using a Fourier transform Image Formation Gradients and spatial encoding Sampling k-space Trajectories and acquisition strategies Fast imaging Acquiring multiple slices Image reconstruction and artifacts Sampling k-space Sampling k-space 2D Extension Sampling k-space Nyquist Sampling Theorem Nyquist Sampling Theorem Aliasing (ghosting): inability to differentiate between 2 frequencies makes them appear to be at same location k-space relations:FOV and Resolution k-space relations:FOV and Resolution Image Formation Gradients and spatial encoding Sampling k-space Trajectories and acquisition strategies Fast imaging Acquiring multiple slices Image reconstruction and artifacts Visualizing k-space trajectories Echo-planar Imaging (EPI) Acquisition Trajectory considerations Longer readout = more image artifacts Single-shot (EPI spiral) warping or blurring PR 2DFT have very short readouts and few artifacts Cartesian (2DFT, EPI) vs radial (PR, spiral) 2DFT EPI = ghosting warping artifacts PR spiral =