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Photovoltaic effect: When photons are absorbed by photo-sensitizer, a voltage difference across a junction is produced. The voltage difference is caused by the internal drift of electrons which accepted the light energy and leaved the normal position. Photoelectric effect: If the electrons are let though a circuit, a current can be formed. Photovoltaic effect is the basic physical process through which a solar cell converts sunlight into electricity. Photo-sensitizer Inorganic photo-sensitizer: These include metals, semiconductors and inorganic compounds. The early solar cells are based