bodega bay point reyes field trip（酒窖湾雷斯岬的实地考察）（15页）.docVIP

Coastal sediments, coastal processes Objectives Geol 103 Field Trip This required field trip for Geology 103 (Sedimentology/Stratigraphy) has several objectives: Examine Franciscan sediments and metasediments that are exposed along the California coast Study modern and ancient shallow marine sediments Compare high energy and low energy beach environments Observe sedimentary structures and large-scale bedding features in the field Describe dunes and eolian features Practice geologic mapping and map reading Introduction: The Great Valley Sequence, Franciscan Group, coastal sediments and coastal processes We will look at three different sequences of rocks on this trip. The Great Valley Sequence is a Cretaceous age deep sea fan complex that formed along the ancient margin of California. It was deposited in a moderately deep ocean environment at a time when the coastline of North America lay roughly along the eastern edge of Californias central valley (Figure 1, Figure 3). Water depths were probably in the range of 1000s of meters. Outcrops of the Great Valley Sequence near Lake Berryessa are world famous for their unobstructed exposure of the parts of a deep sea fan. Franciscan metasediments are exposed in the Coast Range, and are similar in age to the Great Valley Sequence. Franciscan metasediments were deposited in deep marine environments that lay seaward of the active continental margin, and are highly deformed (Figure 2). Lithologies in the Franciscan Group include shale and metamorphosed deep sea sediments, metachert, metasandstones rich in volcanic clasts, pillow basalts, greenschist and blueschist facies rocks and serpentinites. Ultramafic components of the Franciscan Group are probably altered oceanic crust that was associated with the subduction zone. Most modern authors believe that Franciscan sediments are the offshore equivalent of the Great Valley sequence, but have been underplated so that Great Valley sediments lie over the Francis