calculating friction loss（计算摩擦损失）（10页）.docVIP

Calculating Friction Loss by Scott Martorano, CFPS April 10, 2006 Here’s why the Darcy-Weisbach formula is more appropriate than Hazen-Williams for friction loss calculations in large volume sprinkler systems that use propylene glycol. Propylene glycol has been widely accepted and utilized in fire sprinkler systems for many years. Until recently it has been restricted to antifreeze loops on wet pipe sprinkler systems. Innovative advances in the design of sprinkler systems and full-scale fire testing of class 2 commodities in rack storage configurations have demonstrated that sprinkler systems pre-primed with a water and propylene glycol solution utilizing K 25.2 sprinklers are a viable option for the protection of cold storage occupancies under certain conditions. Full-scale burn testing has been conducted utilizing specific types of sprinkler systems, propylene glycol solutions and K 25.2 ESFR sprinklers that have been specifically tested for the application. The listings and manufacturer’s installation instructions for these propylene glycol systems are very specific with regards to the type of system, the system volume and the piping configuration. If a system is selected to protect a cold storage occupancy using a propylene glycol solution, the fire protection designer must verify the appropriate product listings. In addition, the manufacturer’s technical literature must be reviewed to ensure that the system design is in compliance with the listings and that all of the required components have been installed. Application There are currently two sprinkler system configurations utilized for installation in cold storage applications that include piping pre-primed with the propylene glycol solution. The early versions of these systems were wet pipe sprinkler systems. However, through improvements and modifications implemented to enhance system performance in cold storage environments, the optimal system has evolved into a single interlock preaction sys