c h a p t e r13 t h e t r a n s f e r o f h e a t- valdosta state university（c h p t e r13 t h e t r n s e r o f h e t -瓦尔多斯塔州立大学）（16页）.docVIP

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c h a p t e r13 t h e t r a n s f e r o f h e a t- valdosta state university（c h p t e r13 t h e t r n s e r o f h e t -瓦尔多斯塔州立大学）（16页）.doc

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CHAPTER 22 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION Induced emf and Induced Current When a magnet moves relative to a coil, or if the coil moves relative to the magnet, an emf is generated. The fact that the coil is in a changing magnetic field is what causes the emf to appear. As you can see from the drawing, the motion of the magnet causes a change in the magnetic field strength and therefore the magnetic flux through the coil. This emf that is generated by the changing flux is called an induced emf and results in an induced current. Another way to induce a current in a coil is to keep both the coil and the magnet stationary but change the area of the coil. This changes the magnetic flux through the coil resulting in an induced emf. A third possibility is to keep two coils stationary near each other and vary the current in one of them. This causes a changing magnetic field to exist in the other coil and generates an emf. This effect is used in transformers. Electromagnetic induction is the process of producing an emf and the resulting current through the interaction of a conductor and a magnetic field. Motional emf When a conductor moves in a magnetic field, the charges in the conductor experience a force given by the equation F = qvBsinθ where θ is the angle between the velocity vector and the magnetic field vector. This force causes negative charge to move to one end of the conductor leaving a net positive charge at the other end. This separation of charge results in an induced emf called a motional emf since it exists because of the motion of charges through a magnetic field. An external circuit with a device like a light bulb can be connected and powered as long as the rod moves. The magnitude of the emf generated depends on the length of the wire, the velocity of the wire and the magnetic field strength. If they are all perpendicular to each other, the equation is: emf = vBL Example The drawing shows a type of flow meter that can be used to