o c202 t o p i c1 s e a w a t e r p r o p e r t i e s- universityof washington（o c202 w t o p i c1 s e t e p r o p e r t i e s -华盛顿大学）（15页）.docVIP

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o c202 t o p i c1 s e a w a t e r p r o p e r t i e s- universityof washington（o c202 w t o p i c1 s e t e p r o p e r t i e s -华盛顿大学）（15页）.doc

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o c202 t o p i c1 s e a w a t e r p r o p e r t i e s- universityof washington（o c202 w t o p i c1 s e t e p r o p e r t i e s -华盛顿大学）（15页）

OC210 TOPIC 1: BASIC CONCEPTS Online Reference Material: 1. Chapter 6 in “Introduction to Physical Oceanography” by Robert Stewart at /ocean410/ocng410_text_book.html PART 1 Seawater Properties I. Introduction: Importance of Ocean Circulation a. Currents are a major pathway (along with winds) of redistributing heat on earth (Fig. 1) i. Current delivers excess solar heat in the tropics to the heat deficient poles. (Fig. 2) ii. Changes in ocean heat transported by currents has affected past climate (ice ages) and could affect future climate (although not as dramatically as the “Day after Tomorrow” scenario) c. Changes in equatorial circulation (associated with El Nino events) i. Pool of warm water in equatorial Pacific expands eastward (Fig. 3) ii. Affects global temperature and precipitation patterns on land (e.g., warm and dry in Pacific NW) (Fig. 4) iii. Affects fisheries (anchovy abundances off Peru) (Fig. 5) d. Ocean is a major sink for anthropogenically (human) produced carbon dioxide (CO2) i. ~30% of CO2 emitted from fossil fuel burning is adsorbed by the ocean (Fig. 6) ii. this removes CO2 from the atmosphere (a good thing) iii. anthropogenic CO2 distribution in the ocean depends on circulation (Fig. 7) e. Circulation affects the photosynthesis rates by plankton in the surface ocean (Fig. 8) i. Currents are pathways that deliver needed nutrients to the phytoplankton in surface layer of ocean ii. Surface current patterns cause certain ocean regions to be nutrient rich and others to be nutrient poor - the large surface circulation cells located between ~15o and 40o, called ‘subtropical gyres” (Fig. 1), have the lowest nutrient concentrations and photosynthesis rates in the surface ocean iii. Phytoplankton are at the base of the ocean’s food chain -plankton distribution affects fish distributions II. Importance of Seawater Density 1. The density of seawater largely controls the tendency for water parcels to move vertically -if the d