p l a t e t e c t o n i c s- camosun college（p l t e t e c t o n i c s - camosun大学）（8页）.docVIP

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p l a t e t e c t o n i c s- camosun college（p l t e t e c t o n i c s - camosun大学）（8页）.doc

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PLATE TECTONICS Plate Tectonics is a theory developed in the late 1960s, to explain how the outer layers of the Earth move and deform. The theory has caused a revolution in the way we think about the Earth. Since the development of the plate tectonics theory, geologists have had to reexamine almost every aspect of Geology. Plate tectonics has proven to be useful in that it can predict geologic events and explain almost all aspects of what we see on the Earth. We have discussed plate tectonics throughout the course as it relates to igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic processes. Here we look at how the theory came to be, and some of the implications for the evolution of the Earth. Tectonic Theories Tectonic theories attempt to explain why mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes occur where they do, the ages of deformational events, and the ages and shapes of continents and ocean basins. Late 19th Century ideas Contraction of the Earth due to cooling. This is analogous to what happens to the skin of an apple as the interior shrinks as it dehydrates. This could explain compressional features, like fold/thrust mountain belts, but could not explain extensional features, such as rift valleys and ocean basins. Nor could it explain the shapes and positions of the continents. Expansion of the Earth due to heating. This was suggested after radioactivity was discovered. This could explain why the continents are broken up, and could easily explain extensional features, but did not do very well at explaining compressional features. Wegners Hypothesis of Continental Drift Alfred Wegner was a German Meteorologist who studied ancient climates in the early 1900s. The complementary appearance of the Atlantic continental margins, caught his attention. He put together the evidence of ancient glaciations and the distribution of fossils to formulate a hypothesis wherein the continents moved over the surface of the Earth, sometimes forming large supercontinents and other times