Net设计模式实例之享元模式(Flyweight Pattern).docxVIP

/ywqu/archive/2010/01/21/1653087.htmlNet设计模式实例之享元模式( Flyweight Pattern) 一、享元模式简介（Brief Introduction）享元模式（Flyweight Pattern）,运用共享技术有效支持大量细粒度的对象。Use sharing to support large numbers of fine-grained objects efficiently. 享元模式可以避免大量非常相似类的开销。在程序设计中有时需要生成大量细粒度的类实例来表示数据。如果发现这些实例除了几个参数外基本伤都是相同的，有时就能够受大幅度第减少需要实例化的类的数量。如果能把这些参数移到类实例外面，在方法调用时将他们传递进来，就可以通过共享大幅度地减少单个实例的数目。享元对象的内部状态与外部状态：内部状态，在享元对象的内部并且不会随环境改变而改变的共享部分。外部状态，随环境改变而改变的，不可以共享的状态。二、解决的问题（What To Solve）如果一个应用程序使用了大量的对象，而大量的这些对象造成了很大的存储开销，这时可以考虑使用享元模式。当对象的大多数状态是外部状态，如果删除对象的外部状态，那么可以用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象，这时也可以考虑使用享元模式。三、享元模式分析（Analysis）1、享元模式结构?FlyweightFactory类:享元工厂，用来创建和管理Flyweight对象。如果请求的Flyweight对象存在，怎返回已经存在的对象。否则新创建一个新的对象返回。Flyweight类：享元抽象类，通过这个接口，Flyweight可以接受并作用与外部状态。UnsharedConcreteFlyweight类：不需要共享的Flyweight子类。Flyweight接口并不强制共享。ConcreteFlyweight类：实现享元抽象类，为内部状态添加存储空间。2、代码1、享元工厂类FlyweightFactorypublic class FlyweightFactory{ public Hashtable flyweights = new Hashtable();? public FlyweightFactory() { flyweights.Add(A, new ConcreteFlyweight()); flyweights.Add(B, new ConcreteFlyweight()); flyweights.Add(C, new ConcreteFlyweight()); }? public Flyweight GetFlyweight(string key) { return flyweights[key] as Flyweight; }}?2、享元抽象类Flyweight 及其具体实现类UnsharedConcreteFlyweight和ConcreteFlyweightpublic abstract class Flyweight{ public abstract void Operation(int extrinsicstate);}?public class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight:Flyweight{ public override void Operation(int extrinsicstate) { Console.WriteLine({0}:{1},this.GetType().Name,extrinsicstate); }}?public class ConcreteFlyweight:Flyweight{ public override void Operation(int extrinsicstate) { Console.WriteLine({0}:{1}, this.GetType().Name, extrinsicstate); }}?3、客户端代码static void Main(string[] args){ // Arbitrary extrinsic state int extrinsicstate = 20; FlyweightFactory factory = new FlyweightFactory();? // Work with different flyweight instances Flyweight fx = factory.GetFlyweight(A); fx.Operation(--extrinsicstate);? Flyweight fy = factory.GetFlyweight(B); fy.Operation(--extrinsicstate);? F