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chapter22 respiratory system- mc graw hill education（chapter22呼吸系统- mc graw希尔教育）.doc

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Chapter 22 Respiratory System Respiration ventilation of lungs exchange of gases between air and blood blood and tissue fluid use of O2 in cellular metabolism Organs of Respiratory System Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs General Aspects of Respiratory System Airflow in lungs bronchi ( bronchioles ( alveoli Conducting division passages serve only for airflow, nostrils to bronchioles Respiratory division alveoli and distal gas-exchange regions Upper respiratory tract organs in head and neck, nose through larynx Lower respiratory tract organs of the thorax, trachea through lungs Nose Functions warms, cleanses, humidifies inhaled air detects odors resonating chamber that amplifies the voice Bony and cartilaginous supports (fig. 22.2) superior half: nasal bones medially + maxillae laterally inferior half: lateral and alar cartilages ala nasi: flared portion shaped by dense CT, forms lateral wall of each nostril Anatomy of Nasal Region Anatomy of Nasal Region Nasal Cavity Extends from nostrils to choanae (posterior nares) ethmoid and sphenoid bones compose the roof palate forms the floor Vestibule: dilated chamber inside ala nasi stratified squamous epithelium, vibrissae (guard hairs) Nasal septum divides cavity into right and left chambers called nasal fossae inferior part formed by vomer superior part by perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone anterior part by septal cartilage Upper Respiratory Tract Upper Respiratory Tract Nasal Cavity - Conchae and Meatuses Superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae 3 folds of tissue on lateral wall of nasal fossa mucous membranes supported by thin scroll-like turbinate bones Meatuses narrow air passage beneath each conchae narrowness and turbulence ensures air contacts mucous membranes Nasal Cavity - Mucosa Olfactory mucosa lines roof of nasal fossa Respiratory mucosa lines rest of nasal cavity with ciliated pseudostratified epithelium Defensive role of mucosa mucus (from goblet cells) traps inhaled particles bacteria