ppt课件-3. v i. projection- n c k u（3所示。v i投影- n c k u）.pptVIP

3.VI. Projection 3.VI.1. Orthogonal Projection Into a Line Exercises 3.VI.1. 3.VI.2. Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Exercises 3.VI.2. 3.VI.3. Projection Into a Subspace Exercises 3.VI.3. * 3.VI.1. Orthogonal Projection Into a Line 3.VI.2. Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization 3.VI.3. Projection Into a Subspace 3.VI.1. 2. deal only with inner product spaces. 3.VI.3 is applicable to any direct sum space. Definition 1.1: Orthogonal Projection The orthogonal projection of v into the line spanned by a nonzero s is the vector. Example 1.3: Orthogonal projection of the vector ( 2 3 )T into the line y = 2x. Example 1.4: Orthogonal projection of a general vector in R3 into the y-axis Example 1.5: Project = Discard orthogonal components A railroad car left on an east-west track without its brake is pushed by a wind blowing toward the northeast at fifteen miles per hour; what speed will the car reach? Example 1.6: Nearest Point A submarine is tracking a ship moving along the line y = 3x + 2. Torpedo range is one-half mile. Can the sub stay where it is, at the origin on the chart, or must it move to reach a place where the ship will pass within range? Ship’s path is parallel to vector Point p of closest approach is (Out of range) 1. Consider the function mapping a plane to itself that takes a vector to its projection into the line y = x. (a) Produce a matrix that describes the function’s action. (b) Show also that this map can be obtained by first rotating everything in the plane π/4 radians clockwise, then projecting into the x-axis, and then rotating π/4 radians counterclockwise. Given a vector s, any vector v in an inner product space can be decomposed as where Definition 2.1: Mutually Orthogonal Vectors Vectors v1, …, vk ? Rn are mutually orthogonal if vi · vj = 0 ? i ? j Theorem 2.2: A set of mutually orthogonal non-zero vectors is linearly independent. Proof: → → cj = 0 ? j Corollary 2.3: A set of k mutually orthogonal nonzero vectors in V k is a