ppt课件-an introductiontothe global positioning system（一个introductiontothe全球定位系统）.pptVIP

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ppt课件-an introductiontothe global positioning system（一个introductiontothe全球定位系统）.ppt

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Using Maps with GPS Using Maps with GPS Projecting a Sphere Onto a Plane Examples of Several Projections Projections and Datums Maps A map is a two-dimensional representation of the earth. Maps incorporate projections and datums to provide a way to reference locations on the map to features on the ground (via coordinate systems). All maps distort the earth to some extent. Many different types of maps can be used with GPS. When using a GPS receiver with a map, the datum and coordinate system in the receiver must match the map datum. Example of a USGS Map Legend Mapped, edited, and published by the Geological Survey Control by USGS USCGS Topography from aerial photographs by multiplex methods and by plane-table surveys 1953. Aerial photographs taken 1951 Polyconic projection. 1927 North American Datum 10,000 foot grid based on Idaho coordinate system, west zone 1000-meter Universal Transverse Mercator grid ticks, 1000-meter Universal Transverse Mercator grid ticks, zone 11, shown in blue To place on the predicted North American Datum 1983 move the projection lines 15 meters north and 77 meters east as shown by dashed corner ticks Coordinate Systems All coordinate systems reference some particular set of numbers for the size and shape of the earth (the datum). Coordinate systems are used to designate locations within a datum. There are two types of global coordinate systems: Angular coordinate system Rectangular (Cartesian) coordinate system Latitude and longitude, and Universal Transverse Mercator are two global coordinate systems commonly used by GPS users. Many other coordinate systems exist worldwide. Precision vs Accuracy Precision and accuracy are not the same. Precision refers to how small an area coordinates can be defined or plotted. GPS lat/long coordinates can be defined to 1/10 of a second. UTM coordinates can be defined down to one meter. Accuracy refers to how closely a GPS receiver can calculate its position relative to its true location. GPS accur