ppt课件-d c circuits review- o w u online go o w u（d c电路审查- o w u在线去o w）.pptVIP

DC Circuits: Review Current: The rate of flow of electric charge past a point in a circuit Measured in amperes (A) 1 A = 1 C/s = 6.25 ? 1018 electrons per second Current direction taken as direction positive charges flow Analogous to volume flow rate (volume/unit time) of water in a pipe Voltage: Electrical potential energy per unit charge Measured in volts (V): 1 V = 1 J/C Ground is the 0 V reference point, indicated by symbol Analogous to water pressure Resistance: Restriction to charge flow Measured in ohms (W) Analogous to obstacles that restrict water flow A Helpful Hydraulic Analogy A Simple DC Circuit Resistors have a constant resistance over a broad range of voltages and currents Then with R = constant (Ohm’s law) Power = rate energy is delivered to the resistor = rate energy is dissipated by the resistor Voltage Divider Voltage divider: Circuit that produces a predictable fraction of the input voltage as the output voltage Schematic: Current (same everywhere) is: Output voltage (Vout) is then given by: Voltage Divider Easier way to calculate Vout: Notice the voltage drops are proportional to the resistances For example, if R1 = R2 then Vout = Vin / 2 Another example: If R1 = 4 W and R2 = 6 W, then Vout = (0.6)Vin Now attach a “load” resistor RL across the output: You can model R2 and RL as one resistor (parallel combination), then calculate Vout for this new voltage divider Voltage Dividers on the Breadboard Interactive Example:Fun With a Loaded Function Generator Interactive activity performed in class. Ideal Voltage and Current Sources An ideal voltage source is a source of voltage with zero internal resistance (a perfect battery) Supply the same voltage regardless of the amount of current drawn from it An ideal current source supplies a constant current regardless of what load it is connected to Has infinite internal resistance Transi